2.1.5. Which Are The Principles Of Sustainable Tourism Which Strategics Tourism Frameworks Should Follow?

Based on the 3 key principles of sustainability (environmental, economic, social), sustainable tourism is often separated in 3 main sub-categories (Grundey, 2008:u00a0u00a0u00a0u00a0u00a0

• Responsible tourism or tourism that minimizes environmental damage and carbon footprint
• Solidarity tourism or tourism that aims to develop territories and help local communities, and
• Fair tourism or tourism based on the principle of fair trade

All 3 categories, on the other hand, follow a set of key principles of sustainable travel and tourism development which destinations must consider when crafting their strategic frameworks:

I.Environmental principles of sustainable tourism development

Destinations must consider mechanisms for: (a) protection and preservation of nature and biodiversity, (b) control on exploitation of natural resources, (c) maintain ecosystem functions, (d) continuous support and investment in building resilience to climate change etc. (Dainora Grundey, 2008).

II.Social principles of sustainable tourism development

Destinations must consider mechanisms for ensuring: (a) social cohesion and equality, (b) respect for local tradition, historic identity and culture and cultural heritage, (c) human rights and wellbeing of local communities, (d) support from local communities (e) active engagement of local communities, etc. (Dainora Grundey, 2008).

III. Economic principles of sustainable tourism development

Destinations also must consider mechanisms for: (a) ensuring fair cooperation and transparency, (b) promotion of local products, services and businesses, (c) investment in local businesses, (d) development of the service sector, (e) development of the agricultural sector, (f) development of local industry, (g) support for employment and education and training, (i) professional development (Dainora Grundey, 2008).